Background Light in Potential Sites for the ANTARES Undersea Neutrino Telescope

The ANTARES collaboration has performed a series of {\em in situ} measurements to study the background light for a planned undersea neutrino telescope. Such background can be caused by $^{40}$K decays or by biological activity. We report on measurements at two sites in the Mediterranean Sea at depths of 2400~m and 2700~m, respectively. Three photomultiplier tubes were used to measure single counting rates and coincidence rates for pairs of tubes at various distances. The background rate is seen to consist of three components: a constant rate due to $^{40}$K decays, a continuum rate that varies on a time scale of several hours simultaneously over distances up to at least 40~m, and random bursts a few seconds long that are only correlated in time over distances of the order of a meter. A trigger requiring coincidences between nearby photomultiplier tubes should reduce the trigger rate for a neutrino telescope to a manageable level with only a small loss in efficiency.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

Demographic, clinical and antibody characteristics of patients with digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: data from the DUO Registry

OBJECTIVES: The Digital Ulcers Outcome (DUO) Registry was designed to describe the clinical and antibody characteristics, disease course and outcomes of patients with digital ulcers associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: The DUO Registry is a European, prospective, multicentre, observational, registry of SSc patients with ongoing digital ulcer disease, irrespective of treatment regimen. Data collected included demographics, SSc duration, SSc subset, internal organ manifestations, autoantibodies, previous and ongoing interventions and complications related to digital ulcers. RESULTS: Up to 19 November 2010 a total of 2439 patients had enrolled into the registry. Most were classified as either limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 52.2%) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc; 36.9%). Digital ulcers developed earlier in patients with dcSSc compared with lcSSc. Almost all patients (95.7%) tested positive for antinuclear antibodies, 45.2% for anti-scleroderma-70 and 43.6% for anticentromere antibodies (ACA). The first digital ulcer in the anti-scleroderma-70-positive patient cohort occurred approximately 5 years earlier than the ACA-positive patient group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data from a large cohort of SSc patients with a history of digital ulcers. The early occurrence and high frequency of digital ulcer complications are especially seen in patients with dcSSc and/or anti-scleroderma-70 antibodies

Qualité de vie des internes en médecine générale

National audienceIntroduction. Le bien-être des internes est un enjeu majeur dans le domaine de la santé, avec des conséquences sur la qualité des soins.Objectifs. Évaluer la qualité de vie des internes en médecine générale dans la région Pays-de-la-Loire et déterminer les facteurs sociodémographiques et professionnels l’influençant.Méthodes. Étude descriptive transversale par questionnaire comprenant une première partie sociodémographique, une seconde avec le WHOQOL-BREF et un questionnaire sur la place de l’interne dans le service. Le questionnaire a été envoyé à tous les internes de l’UFR de Nantes et d’Angers. Une analyse statistique univariée a été réalisée par Mann et Whitney et Kruskal Wallis.Résultats. 333 internes ont répondu au questionnaire. Les résultats retrouvaient des scores moyens au Whoqol-Bref pour les internes de 73,64 pour la santé physique, 67,59 pour la santé mentale, 67,75 pour les relations sociales et 69,52 pour l’environnement. Les facteurs influençant de manière significative la qualité de vie étaient le respect de la loi des 48h, le nombre de gardes, la vie affective, et le fait de vivre seul ou non.Conclusion. Le score de la qualité de vie des internes était inférieur à celui de la population générale, très lié au respect de la loi des 48 heures qu’il convenait donc de bien respecter. Une diminution de la charge de travail pourrait permettre d’améliorer des éléments de la vie personnelle

The ATLAS DAQ and Event Filter prototype "-1" project

A project has been approved by the ATLAS Collaboration for the design and implementation of a Data Acquisition and Event Filter prototype, based on the functional architecture described in the ATLAS Technical Proposal. The prototype consists of a full "vertical" slice of the ATLAS Data Acquisition and Event Filter architecture, including all the hardware and software elements of the data flow, its control and monitoring as well as all the elements of a complete on-line system. This paper outlines the project, its goals, structure, schedule and current status and describes details of the system architecture and its components. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V

Adaptation to Abundant Low Quality Food Improves the Ability to Compete for Limited Rich Food in Drosophila melanogaster.

The rate of food consumption is a major factor affecting success in scramble competition for a limited amount of easy-to-find food. Accordingly, several studies report positive genetic correlations between larval competitive ability and feeding rate in Drosophila; both become enhanced in populations evolving under larval crowding. Here, we report the experimental evolution of enhanced competitive ability in populations of D. melanogaster previously maintained for 84 generations at low density on an extremely poor larval food. In contrast to previous studies, greater competitive ability was not associated with the evolution of higher feeding rate; if anything, the correlation between the two traits across lines tended to be negative. Thus, enhanced competitive ability may be favored by nutritional stress even when competition is not intense, and competitive ability may be decoupled from the rate of food consumption

Species diversification – which species should we use?

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors; Gaseous detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; Particle identification methods; Photon detectors for UV. visible and IR photons; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials. The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems. as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies. is described. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA